2012 - Pulse Delay Modulation (PDM) A New Wideband Data Transmission Method to Implantable Medical Devices in Presence of a Power Link

https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6418448

Terms

• implantable medical devices (IMDs)
•  invasive brain-computer interfaces (iBCI)
• modulation 
• D- differential 
• Q- quadrature
• phase-locked loops (PLL) 

Questions

• What is pulse delay modulation?
• What does cross coupling in a circuit mean?
• What does direct coupling in a circuit mean?
• i.e., k

• What are typically high data rates?
• What-is-pulse-delay-modulation-PDM-intuitively-compared-to-more-conventional-digital-modulation-techniques

Abstract— This paper introduces a new technique, called pulse delay modulation (PDM), for wideband data transmission across inductive links along with the power carrier. It consumes small power, provides robustness against strong power carrier interference, and does not affect the power transfer efficiency (PTE).

In PDM, a pattern of narrow pulses are transmitted at precise time delays for each data bit through an inductive link to initiate a short oscillatory pattern across the receiver (Rx) data coil. This oscillation shifts the zero-crossings of the undesired sinusoidal power carrier interference on the Rx data coil, resulting in a phase shift between the Rx power and data signals, from which the data bit stream can be recovered. We describe the PDM theoretical foundation and demonstrate its operation via post-layout simulation of a PDM transceiver, designed in a 0.35-µm standard CMOS process, using a realistic inductive link model. The PDM transceiver is expected to achieve a data rate of 13.56 Mbps at 1 cm data coils separation with up to 2 mm misalignment while delivering >250 mW through an orthogonal power transmission link to an implantable medical device.

Modulation

• carrier-less modulation technique
• saves the power and space needed for filtering out the power carrier interference

Related

→ TTL vs CMOS

2015 - A 13.56-Mbps Pulse Delay Modulation Based Transceiver for Simultaneous Near-Field Data and Power Transmission

https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6800128

Abstract—A fully-integrated near-field wireless transceiver has been presented for simultaneous data and power transmission across inductive links, which operates based on pulse delay modulation (PDM) technique. PDM is a low-power carrier-less modulation scheme that offers wide bandwidth along with robustness against strong power carrier interference, which makes it suitable for implantable neuroprosthetic devices, such as retinal implants.

To transmit each bit, a pattern of narrow pulses are generated at the same frequency of the power carrier across the transmitter (Tx) data coil with specific time delays to initiate decaying ringing across the tuned receiver (Rx) data coil. This ringing shifts the zero-crossing times of the undesired power carrier interference on the Rx data coil, resulting in a phase shift between the signals across Rx power and data coils, from which the data bit stream can be recovered. A PDM transceiver prototype was fabricated in a 0.35- standard CMOS process, occupying 1.6 . The transceiver achieved a measured 13.56 Mbps data rate with a raw bit error rate (BER) of at 10 mm distance between figure-8 data coils, despite a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of 18.5 dB across the Rx data coil. At the same time, a class-D power amplifier, operating at 13.56 MHz, delivered 42 mW of regulated power across a separate pair of high-Q power coils, aligned with the data coils. The PDM data Tx and Rx power consumptions were 960 pJ/bit and 162 pJ/bit, respectively, at 1.8 V supply voltage.

Index Terms—Implantable medical devices, impulse radio, inductive coupling, near-field transceiver, neuroprostheses, pulse delay modulation, wireless power transmission.

TTL vs CMOS

https://www.draw.io/?state=%7B%22folderId%22:%220ABRNoTFgXVMzUk9PVA%22,%22action%22:%22create%22,%22userId%22:%22107345090701471092414%22%7D#G1I0t4qe_Nweb3GC9g0wzgYFK5DBnrhp9q

https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse467/99au/admin/Slides/Week2Lecture1/sld003.htm

https://knowledge.ni.com/KnowledgeArticleDetails?id=kA00Z000000P9yaSAC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS

EE: FET

electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/fet-field-effect-transistor/fet-circuit-configurations.php


Common S - medium everything (pretty much) with a 180 degree phase shift (so flipped signal)

C Drain
HIGH Zin                      low Zout
HIGH current gain        low voltage gain

C Gate
low Zin                          HIGH Zout
low current gain            HIGH voltage gain

LCD without pot for Arduino with menu using rotary encoder

Here's some sample code (note: will not compile) just to give you an idea:

1. /*
2. * Arduino LCD
3. */
5. #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
6. 
   
7. /* Menu */
8. #define MOVECURSOR 9 // Basically the same thing as const [whatever]
9. const int contrast = 20; // min. PWM value
10. const int menuTimeout = 10000; // time to timeout in a menu when user doesn't do anything.
11. 
    
12. LiquidCrystal lcd(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7); // Arduino pins ~ creates LC object.
13. // Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7) // LCD pins
15. void setup() { // Setups things like bit rate or to change pins to output
16. lcd.begin(totCols,totRows); // (width, height)
17. }
19. void loop() { // Iterates forever once loaded on Arduino
20. lcd.setCursor(0,0);
21. lcd.print("Effective Altruism movement");
22. }

Probably eventually going to need to use this:

1. lcd.noCursor();
2. lcd.clear();

See electronics.stackexchange.com/a/111275/59133 with:
playground.arduino.cc/Main/TimerPWMCheatsheet
Extra - forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=207772.0

Toggle backlight link.

Bonus - Tinkercad keyboard + LCD
------------------------------PINOUT------------------------------

------------------------------MENU------------------------------

Delta_G recommends using his menu: 

• github.com/delta-G/REBL_UI

If using, this post helps: 

• https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=358066.msg3841709#msg3841709

My LCD screen is a 4x20 (rows by columns) with the same pinouts from the picture and schematic above. Here is my edits of Delta_G's library: 

• github.com/adamaero/REBL_UI

Here is the discussion on it: 

• https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=561064.30

Ethernet cord

Is the bytes per second determined by the service provider for a regular ethernet cord?

I'm wondering about the most common gps when using ethernet...

It's determined by the hardware at the two ends of the wire, and what standards they have in common. Historically, 100 Mbps was the most common. 1 Gbps might be catching up now. 10, 40 and 100 Gbps are used for things like communication between servers in datacenters. 400 Gbps is coming out in the next year or so.

~ mid-2018

Transistor naming convention

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/155985/why-do-the-2n2222-and-pn2222-avalanche-differently

The letter is always 'N', and the first digit is 1 for diodes, 2 for transistors, 3 for four-leaded devices, and so forth. Metal-can package can be PN2222A.

After that, it's garbage. The letters or numbers I mean.

https://www.elexp.com/Images/Reading_Transistor_Markings.pdf

PCB software comparison

Old Jetpacks

Bell Rocket Belt - status: development canceled
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/e2/e7/86/083aa4109dcd52/US3021095.pdf
1962 by Wendell Moore

Fuel - hydrogen peroxide
Flight time - 20 sec

It works by sending the pressurized fuel through a decomposition catalyst—in this case a series of fine-meshed screens made of silver. The peroxide instantly expands into superheated steam, producing a few hundred pounds of thrust at the exhaust nozzles. These are controlled by the pilot’s hand grips. There’s no aerodynamic lift; the thing stays aloft through the physics of brute force. It has the glide angle of an Acme anvil.

JB10 - status: retrofitted as new JB11 (see Fig. 35)
patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/c2/cc/4f/e885bd78655c95/US20170015419A1.pdf#page=28
2017 by David Mayman and Nelson Tyler

Fuel - kerosene or diesel
Flight time ~ 7 min

EE and Hobby Electronics Blogs

circuitcellar.com ($25/yr as student)
> read.uberflip.com/i/238541-cc-2013-11-issue-280 


Nuts & Volts Magazine


epemag3.com ($29/yr) 

How to Study for the Sciences

BEFORE CLASS
 Skim what’s coming up in the textbook, so it’s not all totally unfamiliar and you have some idea of what’s coming.
 Skim the previous day’s notes, so you can relate each lecture to what came before.

Briefly look over titles, introductions, subheadings, first few sentences beneath subheadings, figures, diagrams, italicized or boldfaced words and terms, and summaries. As you preview, ask yourself:
§ What is this about?
§ What do I know about this ... and don't know or don't remember?
§ Where does the author begin and where is he going?
§ What is the organizational pattern (relationships, chronological, topics?)
§ How does this fit into what we are learning in this course?
§ How difficult or how easy is this?
§ Is there terminology that is unfamiliar or that I will need to review?
§ How important is this information? Are there parts I could skim and get the main ideas?
§ Where can I make logical breaks in the reading to divide up my study time?
§ In what order might I read the information in the chapter? Would it be easier and more motivating to read the most interesting section first? 

READING THE TEXTBOOK
 Do not “just read” without thinking about what you are reading – that’s “pretend studying”
 Study your textbook along with your notes – do they agree with each other? Do you understand the flow of the story? At the very least, annotate your notes with helpful ideas from the textbook

AFTER THE EXAM
 How could you study differently next time to improve your score? 

http://www.howtostudy.org/resources_subject.php?id=24